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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cyberspace</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Философские проблемы информационных технологий и киберпространства</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Philosophical Problems of IT &amp; Cyberspace (PhilIT&amp;C)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2305-3763</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Пятигорский государственный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17726/philIT.2023.2.5</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cyberspace-283</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эвристическое моделирование рефлексии в рефлексивных играх </article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Heuristic modeling of reflection in reflexive games</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркова</surname><given-names>Г. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markova</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маркова Галия Муратовна, аспирант, ассистент, кафедра биофизики, лаборант, лаборатория теоретической биофизики</p><p>Красноярск </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Markova Galiya Muratovna, Postgraduate Student, Assistant, Department of Biophysics, Laboratory Assistant, Laboratory of Theoretical Biophysics</p><p>Krasnoyarsk </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">GMarkova@ibp.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барцев</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bartsev</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Барцев Сергей Игоревич, доктор физико-математических наук, главный научный сотрудник, лаборатория теоретической биофизики ; профессор, кафедра биофизики</p><p>Красноярск </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bartsev Sergey Igorevich, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Theoretical Biophysics Professor, Department of Biophysics</p><p>Krasnoyarsk </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bartsev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт фундаментальной биологии и биотехнологий, Сибирский федеральный университет ; Институт биофизики Сибирского отделения РАН – обособленное подразделение ФГБНУ Федеральный исследовательский центр «Красноярский научный центр Сибирского отделения РАН»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University ; Biophysics Institute of the Siberian Branch of the RAS – Division of Federal Research Center «Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the RAS»&#13;
Krasnoyarsk</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>61</fpage><lpage>79</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Маркова Г.М., Барцев С.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Маркова Г.М., Барцев С.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Markova G.M., Bartsev S.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cyberspace.pgu.ru/jour/article/view/283">https://cyberspace.pgu.ru/jour/article/view/283</self-uri><abstract><p>Функционирование субъекта в меняющейся среде наиболее эффективно с точки зрения выживания, если субъект способен формировать и сохранять внутренние представления о внешнем мире, а также использовать эти представления для принятия решений. Внутреннее представление (репрезентация) внешнего мира также называется рефлексией в широком смысле. Ее наличие позволяет побеждать в рефлексивных играх, т. к. внутреннее представление о противнике позволяет прогнозировать его поведение. В работе оценивается рефлексивный потенциал эвристических модельных объектов – искусственных нейронных сетей – в рефлексивных играх «Чет-нечет» и «Камень-ножницы-бумага». Использовались гомогенные полносвязные нейронные сети малых размеров (от 8 до 45 нейронов). Игры проводились между нейронными сетями с различными конфигурациями и параметрами (размер, величина шага модификации весовых коэффициентов). Представлен набор критериев рефлексивности, соотносящихся с разными уровнями рассмотрения: нейрональным, поведенческим, формальным. С помощью нейронных сетей различных конфигураций показана транзитивность формального успеха в игре. Наиболее успешные конфигурации, тем не менее, могут не соответствовать другим критериям рефлексивности. Выдвигается гипотеза, что наилучшее соответствие критериям и, как следствие, универсальная успешность в задачах на рефлексию достижимы для гетерогенных конфигураций с иерархической структурой.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The functioning of a subject in a changing environment is most effective from the point of view of survival if the subject can form, maintain and use internal representations of the external world for decision-making. These representations are also called reflection in a broad sense. Using it, one can win in reflexive games since an internal representation of the enemy allows predicting their future moves. The goal is to assess the reflexive potential of heuristic model objects – artificial neural networks – in the reflexive games “Even-Odd” (or “Matching pennies”) and “Rock-Paper-Scissors”. We used homogeneous fully connected neural networks of small sizes (from 8 to 45 neurons). Games were played between neural networks with different configurations and parameters (size, step size for modifying weight coefficients). A set of reflexivity criteria is presented, corresponding to different levels of consideration: neuronal, behavioral, formal. The transitivity of formal success in the game is shown. The most successful configurations, however, may not meet other criteria of reflexivity. We hypothesize that the best compliance with the criteria and, as a consequence, universal success in reflection tasks is achievable for heterogeneous configurations with a structure in which the formation of hierarchical systems of attractors is possible.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рефлексия</kwd><kwd>рефлексивная игра</kwd><kwd>эвристическое моделирование</kwd><kwd>искусственные нейронные сети</kwd><kwd>нейронная активность</kwd><kwd>аттракторы</kwd><kwd>стандартная эвристика.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>reflection</kwd><kwd>reflexive game</kwd><kwd>heuristic modeling</kwd><kwd>artificial neural networks</kwd><kwd>neural activity</kwd><kwd>attractors</kwd><kwd>default heuristics</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана грантом РНФ №  23-21-10041, Красноярского краевого фонда науки «Иерархия функциональных аттракторов в нейросетевых моделях рефлексии».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Land M. 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