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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cyberspace</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Философские проблемы информационных технологий и киберпространства</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Philosophical Problems of IT &amp; Cyberspace (PhilIT&amp;C)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2305-3763</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Пятигорский государственный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17726/philIT.2023.2.9</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cyberspace-287</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биофизический подход к моделированию рефлексии: обоснование, методы, результаты </article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biophysical approach to modeling reflection: basis, methods, results</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барцев</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bartsev</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Барцев Сергей Игоревич, доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, кафедра биофизики, главный научный сотрудник, лаборатория теоретической биофизики</p><p>Красноярск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bartsev Sergey Igorevich, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor, Department of Biophysics, Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Theoretical Biophysics</p><p>Krasnoyarsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bartsev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркова</surname><given-names>Г. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markova</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маркова Галия Муратовна, аспирант, ассистент, кафедра биофизики, лаборант, лаборатория теоретической биофизики</p><p>Красноярск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Markova Galiya Muratovna, Postgraduate Student, Assistant, Department of Biophysics, Laboratory Assistant, Laboratory of Theoretical Biophysics</p><p>Krasnoyarsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">GMarkova@ibp.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеева</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveeva</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Матвеева Алевтина Игоревна, аспирант </p><p> Красноярск </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Matveeva Alevtina Igorevna, Postgraduate student</p><p>Krasnoyarsk</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">matveevaalevtinai@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт фундаментальной биологии и биотехнологий, ФГАОУ ВО «Сибирский федеральный университет» ; Институт биофизики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук – обособленное подразделение федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения Федеральный исследовательский центр «Красноярский научный центр Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University ; Biophysics Institute of the Siberian Branch of the RAS – Division of Federal Research Center «Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the RAS»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт биофизики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук – обособленное подразделение федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения Федеральный исследовательский центр «Красноярский научный центр Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Biophysics Institute of the Siberian Branch of the RAS – Division of Federal Research Center «Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the RAS»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>120</fpage><lpage>139</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Барцев С.И., Маркова Г.М., Матвеева А.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Барцев С.И., Маркова Г.М., Матвеева А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bartsev S.I., Markova G.M., Matveeva A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cyberspace.pgu.ru/jour/article/view/287">https://cyberspace.pgu.ru/jour/article/view/287</self-uri><abstract><p>Используемый физикой подход, основанный на выделении и исследовании идеальных объектов, лежащий также в основе биофизики в сочетании с эвристическим моделированием фон Неймана и функциональным фракционированием по Р. Розену, обсуждается в качестве инструмента исследования свойств сознания. Объектом исследования становится своеобразная линейка систем-аналогов: человеческий мозг, мозг позвоночных, мозг беспозвоночных и искусственные нейросети, способные осуществлять рефлексию, которая является ключевым свойством или характеристикой сознания. Рефлексия в широком смысле слова, понимаемая как внутреннее отображение внешнего мира, свойственна широкому кругу животных, причем некоторые из них (шмели, рыбы) демонстрируют даже рефлексию в узком смысле этого слова, понимаемую как внутреннее представление себя. Реализуется это сложное поведение с помощью миниатюрных мозгов ~1 млн нейронов. Проиллюстрировано использование простых рекуррентных нейронных сетей (РНС) для получения ответов на вопросы общего характера. Например, показано, что небольшая РНС способна проходить тест отложенного сравнения с образцом, формируя индивидуальную динамическую репрезентацию поступившего стимула, допускающую декодирование специальным нейронным детектором. Продемонстрировано, что в рефлексивной игре «чет-нечет» РНС имеет огромное преимущество над слоистой нейросетью, с тем же и большим количеством нейронов – рефлексия побеждает регрессию. Обнаружено, что асимметрия исходов в игре «чет-нечет», для объяснения которой привлекали различные причины, включая психологические («догонять легче, чем убегать»), воспроизводится в игре двух РНС. Очевидно, что психологические причины здесь отсутствуют и преимущество игрока, играющего за «чет», объясняется более сложной стратегией «нечет»-игрока: ему нужно предсказать ход противника и выбрать противоположный.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The approach used by physics is based on the identification and study of ideal objects, which is also the basis of biophysics, in combination with von Neumann heuristic modeling and functional fractionation according to R.Rosen is discussed as a tool for studying the properties of consciousness. The object of the study is a kind of line of analog systems: the human brain, the vertebrate brain, the invertebrate brain and artificial neural networks capable of reflection, which is a key property characteristic of consciousness. Reflection in the broad sense of the word, understood as an internal representation of the external world, is characteristic of a wide range of animals, and some of them (bumblebees, fish) even demonstrate reflection in the narrow sense of the word, understood as an inner self-representation. This complex behavior is realized by miniature brains of ~1 million neurons. The use of simple recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to obtain answers to general questions is illustrated. For example, it has been shown a small RNS is able to pass delayed matching to sample (DMTS) test, forming an individual dynamic representation of the received stimulus, allowing decoding by a special external neural detector. . It has been demonstrated in the reflexive game “even-odd”, the RNS has a huge advantage over a multi-layered neural network, with the same and a larger number of neurons – reflection defeats regression. It was found that the asymmetry of outcomes in the odd-even game, which was explained by various causes, including psychological ones – “it’s easier to catch up than to run away”, is reproduced in the game of two RNNs. Obviously, there are no psychological causes here and the advantage of the player playing for “even” is explained by the more complex strategy of the “odd” player – he needs to predict the opponent’s move and choose the opposite one.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>идеальные объекты</kwd><kwd>эвристическое моделирование</kwd><kwd>системы-аналоги</kwd><kwd>рекуррентность рефлексии</kwd><kwd>отложенный тест сравнения с образцом</kwd><kwd>рефлексия и регрессия</kwd><kwd>асимметрия игры «чет-нечет»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ideal objects</kwd><kwd>heuristic modeling</kwd><kwd>analog systems</kwd><kwd>recurrence of reflection</kwd><kwd>delayed matching to sample test</kwd><kwd>reflection and regression</kwd><kwd>asymmetry of the even-odd game</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана грантом РНФ №  23-21-10041, Красноярского краевого фонда науки «Иерархия функциональных аттракторов в нейросетевых моделях рефлексии».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seth A. 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