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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cyberspace</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Философские проблемы информационных технологий и киберпространства</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Philosophical Problems of IT &amp; Cyberspace (PhilIT&amp;C)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2305-3763</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Пятигорский государственный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17726/philIT.2024.2.4</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cyberspace-325</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эволюция методов обработки естественного языка</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evolution of natural language processing methods</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беседина</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Besedina</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беседина Анастасия Юрьевна, студентка 1-го курса магистратуры кафедры теории и практики перевода Института переводоведения, русистики и многоязычия</p><p>Пятигорск </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Besedina Anastasia Yuryevna, first-year graduate student, Department of Theory and Practice of Translation Institute of Translation Studies, Russian Studies and Multilingualism</p><p>Pyatigorsk </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nastya.besedina.02@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Пятигорский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pyatigorsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>63</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Беседина А.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Беседина А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Besedina A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cyberspace.pgu.ru/jour/article/view/325">https://cyberspace.pgu.ru/jour/article/view/325</self-uri><abstract><p>Обработка естественного языка (Natural language processing, NLP) претерпела значительные изменения в своей методике, что отражает прогресс в области вычислительных технологий и когнитивных исследований. В данном обзоре мы осветим ключевые моменты эволюции методов анализа естественного языка. В статье затрагивается тема первых разработанных систем NLP, приведены обоснования причин сложности некоторых обрабатываемых текстов и возможной глубины анализа. Кроме того, здесь описаны не только методы NLP до и после GPT-революции, но и современные тенденции и перспективы в сфере обработки естественного языка. Статья позволяет проследить, как менялось представление о тексте на естественном языке в ходе развития компьютерных методов анализа, а также разобраться, чем является текст в зеркале обработки естественного языка, что в действительности является предметом исследования обработки естественного языка и чего нельзя увидеть глазами простого исследователя, не использующего методы NLP.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Natural language processing (NLP) has undergone significant changes in its methods, reflecting advances in computing technology and cognitive research. This article reviews the key stages of the evolution of natural language processing methods. The article touches on the topic of the first NLP systems developed, provides justification for the reasons for the complexity of some processed texts and the possible depth of analysis. In addition, it describes not only NLP methods before and after the GPT revolution, but also current trends and prospects in the field of natural language processing. The article allows us to trace how the idea of natural language text has changed during the development of computer analysis methods, as well as to understand what text is in the mirror of natural language processing, what is really the subject of natural language processing research and what cannot be seen through the eyes of a simple researcher who does not use NLP methods.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обработка естественного языка</kwd><kwd>анализ текста</kwd><kwd>виртуальные ассистенты</kwd><kwd>трансформеры</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>нейронные сети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>natural language processing</kwd><kwd>text analysis</kwd><kwd>virtual assistants</kwd><kwd>transformers</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>neural networks</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Большакова Е. 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