Hieroglyphic cultures in a number of researches are associated with a special cognitive type conventionally called “right-hemispheric”. One of the abilities of the right hemisphere is to produce mental rotation and moving of figures in space. The article is devoted to the consideration of the phenomenon of construction of written signs by mental visual manipulations of graphemes, inherent in Chinese culture due to the hieroglyphic character of Chinese writing. The creation of new meanings by the spatial operations with graphemes has been encountered in Chinese written culture throughout its history (examples are considered from the common hieroglyphics, hieroglyphs created to translate scientific texts with chemical terminology, and riddles as examples of folklore). The modern new layer of written culture - the culture of Internet communication - a product created simultaneously by a huge number of users and having a huge number of “consumers”, took this phenomenon with a great deal of naturalness. Some “new” hieroglyphs go “viral” through the network and become well-known memes. The conclusion is made that the cognitive “habit” to create new meanings by manipulating with images (graphemes) is deeply rooted in Chinese mentality, which can speak in favor of the widespread prevalence of the spatial cognitive style (which we conventionally call “right hemispheric”) in the bearers of Chinese culture

The key term of the article has recently appeared in the social-philosophical and epistemological literature in order to expresses a generalization of two key concepts of the problem: Wikipedia and epistemology. Speaking of Wikipedia as an object of scientific interest it is more often to rank it with encyclopedias, which served as a means of translation of scientific knowledge. However, the epistemological status of Wikipedia is not equal to the status of encyclopedias, and the rationalization of this statement is the purpose of this work. The author analyzes Wikipedia at first as an encyclopedia, and then, taking into account the characteristics, as an independent object. More recently, the very idea of comparing the epistemic cultures of the scientific community and Wikipedia, as well as the idea of a specific epistemic culture of Wikipedia, would cause many contradictions. In this regard the study reveals the possibility of at least two new dimensions of Wikipedia: as a source of knowledge about the objects of interest and as a source of knowledge about the information compromise of modern society. The conclusion provides the discussion about wiki-projects as the reason of significantly changes of epistemic practices in the information society

The article presents the interpretation of the information conflict in the framework of the model “subject-polysubject” of communicative interaction. The communicative systems of information conflict are considered: linear and multilinear, which in the communicative space of the conflict create a single self-developing system. It is substantiated that the transformation of subjectivity, which leads to a change in the activity of the subject, is the target of the information conflict and is achieved by the method of multi-level communicative influence

The article discusses the following thesis. 1. A notion of rationality is incompatible with those law-shaped (or algorithmic) processes/ systems which internal resources do not allow to treat their goal-setting procedures as their own internal properties. 2. The concept of a purpose is meaningless within alternative-free ontologies, therefore, particularly, rationality is logically incompatible with determinism. 3. Conditions of possibility of autonomously rational actions should necessarily include at least three things: a) virtuality of underlying ontology, which combines probabilistic and deterministic properties, b) a certain interpretation of intentionality within it, and c) non-trivial topology of values. The above stated aspects help to understand how goal-setting procedures are constituted as internal properties of a process/ system under consideration. There is no such a thing as ‘autonomous rationality’ beyond these conditions. The absence of any of the above listed moments leads to impossibility of theoretical and computer modeling of rationality processes. 4. In fact it could be stated that autonomous rationality exhausts a concept of a so called ‘human freedom’.

The paper aims to clarify the place of the hard problem of consciousness in the philosophy of mind in the twentieth century. It shows that the study of the phenomenal aspects of conscious experience was popular both at the beginning and at the end of the twentieth century. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the study of consciousness was directed by rather epistemological questions, than questions of metaphysics. During this period, there were at least three approaches to the understanding of consciousness: the theory of sense data, intentionalism and direct realism. The remarkable feature of philosophy of mind in the second half of the twentieth century was the revival of metaphysics of mind in the context of analytical philosophy. The paper offers an answer to the question: What makes this revival and the emergence of the hard problem of consciousness possible? The paper concludes with the thesis that the hard problem of consciousness and the revival of the metaphysics of mind were due to the emergence of such theory of perception as adverbialism. However, since the position of adverbialism is not intuitively obvious, since there are competing interpretations of the phenomenal aspects of conscious experience, it allows us to suspend the grounds for adverbialism and avoid the hard problem of consciousness

Psychologists and neurophysiologists supporting the ‘biological brain’ theory believe that the main driving forces of brain activity are not electrical impulses (spikes), but neurotransmitters, and that at least a significant part of the cognitive activity of the brain does not occur in neural networks or populations, in general - not in the space between neurons, but within individual neurons, where the neurochemical and genetic ‘devices’ interact. From these considerations, one concludes to the principle impossibility to model cognitive functions, since reliance on chemical and genetic mechanisms is perceived as their fundamental substrate dependence, while only transferable functions can be modeled. The article provides a logical and methodological analysis of this concept and, in particular, proposes a distinction between strong and weak substrate dependency. Thus, the modulating role of neurotransmitters, abstractly speaking, can be simulated using other physical mechanisms while preserving their functions. In what follows I show that the facts and data on which the above-mentoned school relies are well assimilated by competing neural network theories

Appearing of the Cybernetics in the middle of the 20th century - it’s very significant event, which is underestimated yet and even not denoted normally, unambiguously. For author of the article, Cybernetics is particularly valuable as pioneer in discovering of and in studying of very new class of regularities and laws - “universal” regularities and laws. The classical sciences studied “substratum” properties and laws. The Cybernetics birth suddenly demonstrated that objects with different substratum nature have many general and essential features. But there is a problem: studies of the universal regularities and laws are not combined yet in one united field of cognition. Preconditions of the situation are discussed in the article. It is shown also that researches of this kind are able to name and to combine definitely if to use such designations as “transdisciplinary researches in the universal meaning” or as “researches of the universal type”