One of the main goals of the contemporary philosophy of information science and the focus for this article is the classification and systematization of basic approaches on how to define such a richly detailed concept as «information». It is proposed to draw a line between the commonplace understanding of information on the one hand side and the philosophical and general academic approaches to its study on the other. As noted in the article, information was considered from a philosophical standpoint most predominantly in Soviet philosophy. The basic philosophical concepts of information as substantial, attributive, and functional were distinguished and continue to hold meaning today. Mathematics (as a probability/statistical concept) became the basis of the first scientific theories of information that attached special meaning to the quantitative aspects of information and identified the concepts of both information and «the amount of information». Since 1950, research interest has shifted to the study of information’s qualitative and axiological aspects, which are expressed in the formation of the semantic and vital theory of information. In the 1980-90s, synergetic concepts of information that synthesized the quantitative and qualitative approaches began to emerge. Currently, information as a category is being actively developed by researchers from the natural, technical, and social sciences, along with those from the humanities, which in turn calls for its philosophical reconceptualization and for the identification of its essential properties.

The paper deals with the process of information emergence from ontological point of view. Information is examined within the context of philosophical conception of reflection. In this context it is defined as the representation of one object in another. The ontological model of information emergence grounded on the above mentioned understanding is being constructed. The concept of representation is associated with the concept of form. The form is defined, on the one hand, as that in which incongruous spatially and structurally material objects coincide or can coincide. On the other hand, the form appears to be the aggregate of objects’ relations (material objects’ as well as formal) generating the single whole. The paper specifies the difference between the local and the non-local form of a material object. The local form exists in space in which the material parts of a shaped object also exist. The non-local form is the product of the other forms which correlate with the former without the signs of localization. The paper shows that local forms are not transmitted from one object to another. Only non-local forms can be transmitted, becoming as a result the representations of initial objects in other ones. It is stated that the process of non-local forms doubling has no spatial characteristics. The inference is made that the information emergence is the transmission of non-local forms from the sources of information to its medium.

Interpretation of artificial intelligence on the base of the philosophical fictionalism allowed discussing the educational technologies in the context of conditions for strengthening of discursive power of pupils’ thought. The artificial intelligence received broad interpretation as an embodiment of a literary image, which did not have unambiguous link with the area of logical formalisms and mathematical algorithms of action and communication. The author applied the methods peculiar to the semiotics approach, offered by Boris Uspensky and Yury Lotman. It was succeeded to criticize the modern versions of educational technologies conducting to giving of absolute value for information and telecommunication technologies. Growth of pupils’ methodological culture, described on the base of functional approach to word formation of new means for the description of the studied subjects, was related to the development of discursive power of thought. As a result, the research opened new prospects in understanding of a place and role of artificial intelligence within educational practice.

Humanism plays a great role in the spiritual crisis overcome and provision of moral climate in the modern society. As an independent his- torically transforming sociocultural phenomenon humanism states the need in the preservation of moral basis inevitable for the social and personal develop- ment. Today humanism acquires the status of social ideal, that implies treating human as a supreme value. The fundamental value of humanism is tolerance, based on equality of all humans, stating the humanistic specification of infor- mation-communication activity, searching the new ways of dialogic interac- tion between people. In conditions of the information society the problem of humanism crisis is being actualized. That crisis can be overcome by forming the humanistic principles, the new system of moral values and the information culture of a person.

The problem of forming moral technologies which today affect the behavior of its users in the sphere of information and computer technologies is analyzed at this article. First, the idea of creating a “moral” has been heavily criticized and now compelling technology to actively intrude into everyday life. Technologies play the role of mediator between people and reality. Technology mediators, as human beings are in the world of its users, contribute to the formation of their actions. They immerse a person to its technological reality and they help to shape the human experience and interpretations of reality. The moral responsibility of the designer then comes down to the prevention, assessment, and design quality of this mediation. Analysis of technology intermediation allows to emphasize its following forms: mediation of perception, mediation of action, available technology options, mediation of decisions, mediation of other practices, moral values, beliefs and norms

The article is devoted to study of the preconditions of the formation of cyberpedagogics. Five informational revolutions and key events in the history of the development of information and communication society; as well as philosophical views on the realities of the modern world, in particular, cyberspace and the Internet, are highlighted. Such key features of «Homo Cyberus» (modern person, using information and communication technologies) as a focus on the mind, the priority of visual perception of the world, comprehensive awareness, multitasking in activity, «clip» perception and thinking are described. Cyberspace is described as a new environment of human life and a factor of social and intrapsychic changes. The importance of developing the culture of cybersocialization of each person, as well as cyberpedagogics as a science of the XXI century and the base of organization of modern education with the influence of cyberspace on the processes of learning, upbringing and development, is also substantiated

The article is dedicated to consider the problems in formation of the transhumanism as trend in the modern philosophy and culturology. Analysis of sources from which the transhumanism originated concerns several stages where the initial prerequisites of this trend were formed. The problem of origins of the transhumanism correlates in the article with antique culture, European Renaissance, Age of Enlightenment and other cultural models. In the diachronic analysis there are some features that point certain link with the transhumanism and previous culturological traditions (rationalism, anthropocentrism etc.).

This article describes the possibility of using of biological approach in building of a system of queries to hierarchical database based on a neural network. The short description of formal neuron and the simplest model of its training with a reinforcement is given. The structure of model of a database is shown and the maintenance of its levels is unfolded. The model of a three-layer neural network with training, capable to process queries in the modes both with soft and rigid criteria restrictions is constructed, its properties are defined and the mathematical description of its elements is formulated. The algorithms of functioning and training of the provided model are developed. The results of realization of the development for a database of books are given. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is shown, constructiveness of the received model is established and the directions for further researches are defined.

Famous systems of text analysis on the presence of plagiarism have been analyzed in the article. A new method of linguistic analysis has been proposed, which determines the latent and semantic associative dependencies in the set of documents; partially eliminates homonymy, polysemy and synonymy; corrects the words written with spelling and technical mistakes; takes into account the syntactic relations, logic of the term building in the context of the subjective area. The developed algorithm of the semantic comparison of fuzzy text information (the original text submitted for testing in natural language in any form, with text versions available in the local databases and content on the Internet) assumes automatic conversion of the original natural language text into the intra-system form, extraction of the text lexical units followed by the implementation of morphological, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic analysis. The use of the algorithm makes it possible to eliminate errors that may be in the source text (the wrong endings, unusual shortenings, etc.) to determine the source text belonging to a particular subject area, to identify the degree of semantic similarity of the source text, to form an overall assessment of the degree of similarity of texts by complex indicator. The usage of this approach will increase the conclusion’s reliability and validity on the presence of plagiarism in documents.

The Information system “The history of philosophical ideas” includes interactive materials on the history of the basic philosophical ideas, concepts and problems. Information system uses the principle of “time machine”. The article considers the model of modern information system which would present the main philosophical ideas in the structured form taking into account philosophical, historical and common cultural contexts. This article describes the general concept of an information system and a scheme of representation of objects ideas. The problem of implementation of the proposed model by means of the CMS and the CSC is considered. Also the technology generation of the final code pages with the content model has been described. Model of information system, developed software, methods of organization of philosophical content can be used to create similar information systems on other areas of knowledge.